Changes in the security environment of the Baltic States
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34752/vpcm-z213Słowa kluczowe:
Baltic States, Security of Baltic Sea Region, national defense, security environment Security of Baltic StatesAbstrakt
The main aim of the article is to analyze the security environment of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The author presents the security dilemmas of the Baltic States before their accession to NATO in 2004 (based on the example of the Republic of Estonia). Subsequently, the author shows the changes that have occurred in the security systems of the Baltic states since the beginning of the hybrid war in Ukraine in 2014. The author also draws attention to key security problems and points to Polish experiences that could be successfully adopted by Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Ashmore W., Impact of Alleged Russian Cyber Attacks, „Baltic Security & Defence Review” 2009, vol. 1, no 11.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Balcerowicz B., Obronność państwa średniego, Warszawa 1997.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Davis J., Hackers Take Down the Most Wired Country in Europe, „Wired Magazine” 21.08.2007, available at <https://www.wired.com/2007/08/ff-estonia>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Demmer U., Neukirch R., NATO Developed Secret Contingency Plans for Baltic States, „Spiegel Online” 2010, available at <http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/fear-of-russia-nato-developed-secret-contingency-plans-for-baltic-states-a-733361.html>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Elak L., Śliwa Z., The Suwalki Gap – Nato’s Fragile Hot Spot, „Zeszyty Naukowe AON” 2016, vol. 103, no 2.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Estonia angry at Russia 'abduction' on border, BBC News, available at <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29078400>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
International Institute of Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2001, 2001, vol. 101.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
International Institute of Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2019, 2019, vol. 119.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
International Institute of Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2019, 2019, vol.119.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kai-Helin K., The Evolution of Estonian Security Options During the 1990s, 2005.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kamiński M.A., Intelligence Sources in the Process of Collection of Information by the U.S. Intelligence Community, „Security Dimensions”, 2019, t. 32 s. 82–105, https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0988
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kamiński M.A., Military Law in the Republic of Poland, “Safety & Defense” vol. 5, no. 2, 2019,. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.51.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kamiński M.A., Obrona narodowa Republiki Estonii, Toruń 2018.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kamiński M.A., Prawo bezpieczeństwa narodowego, „Wiedza Obronna”, vol. 268, no. 3, 2019, s. 57-76, https://doi.org/10.34752/vwz4-j897.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Kamiński M.A., Profesjonalizacja i modernizacja techniczna Sił Zbrojnych RP w pracach ustawodawczych (2008-2010) [w:] Przestępczość w XXI wieku : zapobieganie i zwalczanie: problemy prawno-kryminologiczne, E.Pływaczewski, W.Filipkowski, Z.Rau (eds.), Warszawa 2015.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Lamoreaux J.W., Acting small in a large state’s world: Russia and the Baltic states, „European Security” 2014, t. 23, nr 4.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Møller K., Russian Security Policy - In Search of a Major Power Identity, „Baltic Defence Review” 2000, t. 1, nr 3.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Rublovskis R., Šešelgyte M., Kaljurand R., Defence and security for the small. Perspectives from the Baltic States, 2013.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Rudzīte-Stejskala K., Financing Defense [in:] Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defense Development in the Baltic States, Lawrence T., Jermalavičius T. (eds.), Tallinn 2013.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Defense expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change based on 2010 prices [in:] NATO Public Diplomacy Division, Defense Expenditure of NATO Countries (2010-2017), PR/CP(2017)111, 2017, available at <https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2017_06/20170629_170629-pr2017-111-en.pdf>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Eesti Vabariigi julgeolekupoliitika aluste heakskiitmine, Vastu võetud 06.03.2001 (RT I 2001, 24, 134), available at <http://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/72805>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Estonian Ministry of Defence, Public opinion and national defence, 2018, available at <https://www.kaitseministeerium.ee//sites/default/files/elfinder/article_files/public_opinion_and_national_defence_2018_march.pdf>
Pokaż w Google Scholar
National Security Concept 2008, available at <http://www.mod.gov.lv/sites/mod/files/document/2008_nd_en.pdf>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
National Security Concept 2017, available at <http://www.kaitseministeerium.ee/sites/default/files/elfinder/article_files/national_security_concept_2017.pdf>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Air policing: securing NATO airspace, available at <http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_132685.htm?selectedLocale=en>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
Riigikaitse arengukava, available at <http://www.mil.ee/et/kaitsevagi/riigikaitse-arengukava>.
Pokaż w Google Scholar
The Act of 21 May 2001 on reconstruction and technical modernization and financing of the Polish Force Armed, Dz.U. of 2019 No 1453, available at <http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20190001453>
Pokaż w Google Scholar
